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The Carnegie Medal is a British literary award that annually recognises one outstanding new book for children or young adults. It is conferred upon the author by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP).〔 CILIP calls it "the UK's oldest and most prestigious book award for children's writing" and says that writers call it "the one they want to win" (quotation marks original).〔 The Medal is named after the Scottish-born American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919), who founded more than 2800 libraries in the English-speaking world, including at least one in more than half of British library authorities.〔 It was established in 1935 by the British Library Association (LA or LAUK) partly to celebrate the centennial of Carnegie's birth〔 and inaugurated in 1937 by the award to Arthur Ransome for ''Pigeon Post'' (Jonathan Cape, 1936) and the identification of two Commended books. (There are, or have been, highly recommended, commended and honour books at least so recently as 2002.)〔 That first Medal was dated 1936; only since 2007 it is dated by its presentation, which is now one or two years after publication.〔 Since 1956, the Carnegie Medal has been a companion to the Kate Greenaway Medal, which recognises "distinguished illustration in a book for children".〔 Both awards were established by the Library Association (1877–2002) and administered by the LA until it was succeeded by CILIP.〔 Nominated books must be written in English and first published in the UK during the preceding school year (September to August).〔 Until 1969 the award was limited to books by British authors first published in England. The first non-British medalist was Ivan Southall of Australia in 1972, for ''Josh''. The original rules also prohibited winning authors from future consideration.〔 The first author to win a second Carnegie Medal was Peter Dickinson in 1981, who won consecutively for ''Tulku'' and ''City of Gold''. There were six repeat winners to 1992 and Patrick Ness became the seventh by winning in 2011 and 2012. The award by CILIP is a gold Medal and £500 worth of books donated to the winner's chosen library.〔 == Latest rendition == Tanya Landman won the 2015 Carnegie Medal for ''Buffalo Soldier'', published by Walker Books. There were eight books on the 2015 shortlist announced 17 March, each published September 2013 to August 2014. The official website provides bibliographic data, front cover images, capsules, annotations for the public by the judging panel, and reader ages (given here) that range from 9+ to 14+.〔 * Brian Conaghan, ''When Mr Dog Bites'' (Bloomsbury), 14+ * Sarah Crossan, ''Apple and Rain'' (Bloomsbury), 11+ * Sally Gardner, ''Tinder'' (Orion), 11+ * Frances Hardinge ''Cuckoo Song'' (Macmillan), 11+ * Elizabeth Laird, ''The Fastest Boy In The World'' (Macmillan), 9+ * Tanya Landman, ''Buffalo Soldier'' (Walker), 14+ * Geraldine McCaughrean, ''The Middle of Nowhere'' (Usborne), 11+ * Patrick Ness ''More Than This'' (Walker), 14+ Recommended ages have ranged from 8+ to 14+ for books on the shortlist since 2001. Sally Gardner (2013), Geraldine McCaughrean (1988), and Patrick Ness (2011, 2012) are previous winners of the Carnegie Medal. ==Process== CILIP members nominate books in September and October, after the close of the publication year.〔 Valid nominations are announced in the fall (4 November 2011) and students from many schools read nominated books and send comments to the panel. The judges are 12 children's librarians in CILIP's youth interest group (YLG). Currently the shortlist is announced in March and the winner in June, 10 to 21 months after first U.K. publication.〔 Candidates must be single-author English-language works published in the U.K. during the preceding year (September to August). They must be published for young people, and published in the U.K. originally or within three months in case of co-publication. At least 75% of the content must be originally published during the specified year.〔 "All categories of books for children and young people are eligible."〔 CILIP specifies numerous points of plot, characterisation, and style that should be considered "where applicable". Furthermore, "the book that wins the Carnegie Medal should be a book of outstanding literary quality. The whole work should provide pleasure, not merely from the surface enjoyment of a good read, but also the deeper subconscious satisfaction of having gone through a vicarious, but at the time of reading, a real experience that is retained afterwards."〔 ==Winners== Up to 2015 there have been 76 Medals awarded in 79 years, covering 1936 to 2014 publications approximately. No eligible book published in 1943, 1945, or 1966 was considered suitable.〔 From 2007 the medals are dated by the year of presentation. Previously they were dated by the calendar year of their British publication, which then defined the eligible works.〔 Thirty-nine winning books were illustrated in their first editions, including every one during the first three decades. Six from 1936 to 1953 were illustrated or co-illustrated by their authors; none since then. (These notes do not count a single map or diagram.) :: * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carnegie Medal (literary award)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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